Financial inclusion and low-carbon architectural design strategies: solutions for architectural climate conditions and architectural temperature on new buildings.

The objective of this research is to explore the potential of financial inclusion and low-carbon architectural design strategies as solutions to improve the thermal comfort and energy efficiency of new buildings in different architectural climate conditions. The manufacture sector, which accounts for about 40% of all yearly greenhouse gas releases, has been stimulating with trying to reduce the amount of energy it consumes and the detrimental effects it has on the climate, in accordance with the standards outlined in the 2016 Paris Agreement. In this study, panel data analysis is used to examine the connection between green property financing and carbon dioxide emissions from the building sector in one hundred and five developed and developing countries. Although this analysis finds a negative correlation among the development of environmentally friendly real estate financing and firms' worldwide carbon dioxide emissions, it finds that this correlation is most robust in developing nations. A number of these countries are experiencing an unregulated and rapid population explosion, which has boosted their demand for oil, making this discovery essential for them. The difficulty in securing green funding during this crisis is slowing and even reversing gains made in past years, making it all the more important to keep this momentum going during the COVID-19 outbreak. It's critical to keep the momentum going by doing something.

THE MODERNIZATION OF THE STREET VENDORS SERVICES DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC-THE FOOD TRUCKS PHENOMENON

Since Covid-19 began to spread, street food vendors' activities have raised many issues. The lockdown of restaurants and coffees to control the pandemic in the cities appeared to be a vital response to the city's dramatic procedures. Therefore, the development of street food vending in the form of food trucks was one of these activities that responded to the Covid-19 pandemic and became a phenomenon during the lockdown period in Bahrain. Food trucks are scattered in many areas serving the community by providing food services. But the unplanned location of some food trucks negatively affects the quality of the city's open spaces causing problematic urban changes and producing traffic jams;moreover, it needs to consider the landscape architecture elements. Therefore, the study explains the term street food vendors and their hazards due to COVID-19 circumstances, followed by illustrating the regulation that manages food truck activities. Then it analyzes the risks resulting from some case studies. The study ends with presenting design guidelines to improve the criteria of the site location of the food truck activities. These guidelines will assist the municipalities in avoiding any possible negative impacts and the haphazard positions of these food trucks in cities. © 2023, Jomard Publishing. All rights reserved.

Comparing the Use of Virtual Models vs. Fieldwork in Developing Geomatics Skills in Undergraduate Engineering Education during the COVID-19 Pandemic

Undergraduate students enrolled in Civil Engineering, Architecture, and Urban Planning (CAU) must develop competencies in Geomatics and Topography (G&T) as part of their learning process. During this time, theoretical concepts are traditionally taught with field practice using specialized tools such as a theodolite, laser level, and total station. Due to the environmental restrictions of the COVID-19 pandemic, traditional field practice (TFP) was suspended, preventing access to equipment and study areas. The use of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT), such as Building Information Modeling (BIM) and Virtual Reality (VR), have been explored in the last decade for educational purposes. This paper studies the benefits of using these tools for developing G&T skills. This research aimed to assess students' learning outcomes using a traditional G&T teaching method and a new methodology based on Virtual Field Practice (VFP) for CAU students. The methodology provides a virtual study area for the CAU student by integrating point clouds derived from photogrammetry and terrestrial laser scanning. It also assesses their learning results and compares them against a control group using a validated instrument. Findings suggest continuing with fieldwork for a greater understanding and correct application of G&T concepts by students, and using virtual models as an efficient way to complement the acquisition of spatial information in the teaching-learning process. Until the publication of this article, we found no evidence in the literature at the undergraduate level of applying exercises like those proposed. © 2023 IEEE.

Towards domestic space design in the post-COVID-19 era: A review of relevant literature

It cannot be denied that the global COVID-19 pandemic was the driving force for the rapid changes that are reflected in various aspects of life, especially daily human life, because of the imposition of the stay-home policy. This study is a review of the latest published studies in peer-reviewed scientific journals on the period of mandatory stay-at-home associated with COVID-19. It is expected that this change will have several effects. Therefore, the main objective of the review is to reveal the dual-effect relationship between housing design and the COVID-19 pandemic. Thus, the study monitored the potential impacts of housing design on the spread of COVID-19 and on meeting the diverse needs of its residents to extract lessons learned from the stay experience. It also included a set of practical visions for designing a post-COVID home that can withstand any sudden or expected change. The review findings indicate that despite the benefits of staying home in reducing COVID-19 at the general level, it is at the architectural level, it turned out that most of the existing home design parameters are not at all prepared for facing epidemics, resulting in their inability to meet many of the main and emerging needs of their residents. It also showed that the epidemic promoted architects to reconsider the design requirements of a home that turned out to have to meet more needs than it had. In this context, a set of practical visions and recommendations for post-COVID home design were envisioned, targeting the change in space design, space preparations, and design complements. These visions are integrated to contain the various requirements of residents imposed by epidemics or other circumstances, while giving high priority to impeding the transmission of infection and supporting the physical and mental health of the residents. The visualizations adopt and entrench the necessary principles and basis for a post-COVID home, represented in a healthy, smart, green, larger house to face sudden crises.

Architectural design research in small practices

PurposeThere has been a recently growing interest by architects in practice-based research and the impact of research. At the same time, several post-graduate architecture programmes with practice-led research agendas were founded. This shift towards architectural design research is analysed using the notions of "process-driven research", "output-driven research" and "impact". The study aims to investigate and unveil the link between graduate programmes and graduates with a research interest and to test the tripartite model of "process-driven research", "output-driven research" and "impact" in the context of small architectural practices.Design/methodology/approachThe study uses a qualitative and exploratory research approach that includes 11 in-depth interviews conducted in 2020, during the first nationwide COVID-19 lockdown in the United Kingdom (UK) selected interviews were architects representing (1) members or alumni of practice-related graduate architecture programmes in London and (2) founders of London-based small architectural practices within the last decade.FindingsWhile focussing on the London context, the paper offers transferable insights for the key potentials of practice-led design research in small architectural practices and the actions that might improve research practice.Originality/valueThis paper addresses a lack of studies on how design research differs between diverse types and sizes of architectural firms, why emerging small architectural practices increasingly engage with research and how this shapes their practice. This knowledge is important to fully understanding architectural design research and its strengths or weaknesses.

Challenges Faced by Students in Online Architectural Design Studio During COVID-19 Pandemic: Universities in Sarawak

This paper attempts to identify the challenges faced by architecture students, learning in an online studio environment during the COVID-19 pandemic. In complying with COVID-19 Standards of Operations (SOPs), schools and universities in Sarawak, Malaysia, were closed and classes were forced to be conducted online. Despite prior integration of ICT-based learning into the architecture curriculum, the Architectural Design Studio subject still utilizes the conventional method for teaching and learning. Normally, Architectural Design Studio is conducted in a physical environment where lecturers would demonstrate critical hands-on skills such as drawing and model-making techniques, and conducting critique sessions and site analysis, all of which require students to participate in-person. Unfortunately, all of these activities were forced to be adapted to facilitate online-and-distanced learning due to the pandemic. As a result, students encountered several problems during the switch to the virtual design studio. The purpose of this study is to recognize the setbacks experienced by students in order to generate solutions that may improve the quality of online Architectural Design Studio. The research employs a quantitative descriptive study conducted using a survey method. The data was collected from undergraduate students from two architectural schools in Sarawak, namely the University of Malaysia, Sarawak (UNIMAS) and the University College of Technology Sarawak (UCTS) via a Google Forms questionnaire distributed to the students through WhatsApp groups. The analysis of students' responses confirms that Architectural Design Studio carried out in the conventional method is more effective than when conducted online. The results indicate that the major disadvantages of the online studio were the lack of infrastructure, poor Internet connection, limitations in project materials and data collection for site analysis, imbalance in levels of digital competency, and inefficacy of doing studio work at home. This paper will identify the current online teaching method's flaws that impede our progress toward a more resilient future in architecture. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

Designing IAQ-Resilient Post-Pandemic Buildings

The COVID-19 pandemic has led to significant changes to human life and habits. There is an increasing urgency to promote occupants' health and well-being in the built environment where they spend most of their lives, putting indoor air quality (IAQ) in the spotlight. This study fits into this context, aiming to provide useful information about the design, construction, and operation of an IAQ-resilient building in the post-pandemic era for it to ensure a good trade-off between energy- and health-related objectives. The PRISMA guidelines were adopted to conducting a systematic review obtaining 58 studies that offered relevant results on two main research areas: (i) the concept of resilience, focusing on its definition in relation to the built environment and to pandemic-related disruptions;and (ii) the building design strategies that are able to increase buildings' resilience, focusing on the preventive measures involving engineering control. In addition, the metrics and the decision-making tools able to make IAQ-resilient buildings attractive to the investors, focusing on the cost-benefit analysis (CBA) technique, were discussed. The research supported the transition of the building sector to a human-centered approach that is able to include IAQ resilience among the main priorities of future buildings to guarantee the occupants' health and well-being. © 2023 by the authors.

Simulation modelling in a BIM environment: The case of school re-opening during Covid-19 pandemic

The Covid-19 pandemic influenced the way that buildings are used and experienced. In particular, educational facilities were among the most affected by the pandemic in terms of use processes. This paper presents a methodology developed to reorganise spaces in a school building, a real case study, to allow safe reopening. Social distancing and availability of learning spaces were taken into account to simulate the use of the educational facility according to the emergency protocols. Based on a digital survey of the existing building, a building information model was generated and used as a basis for spatial analysis and crowd and agent-based simulations. Additionally, interactive games and training videos were developed as communication tools to inform end users about the new rules to be respected inside the building. The digital approach adopted for the analysis of use processes as well as for communicating the results to the end users allowed them to experience the school fruition processes within a virtual environment before the school reopening. Future works could deal with the application of the same methodology in other schools, as well as in different contexts, going beyond the specificity of the pandemic emergency, and for other types of buildings. © 2023 ICE Publishing: All rights reserved.

Building Occupancy Simulation and Analysis under Virus Scenarios

During the COVID-19 pandemic, regulations on building usage and occupancy density were brought to the forefront, as research indicated that transmission was most likely to occur in indoor environments. Public health officials and building managers had to decide how to best use their buildings while curtailing the infection risk for their occupants.In this article, we present a systematic simulation-based methodology for estimating the infection risk for a building's occupants under different scenarios of building usage. We have evaluated our simulations against some real-world building usage data from a university campus building;our experiments demonstrate the realism of our simulations. Based on this finding, we have developed a virus transmission model that estimates the potential infection transmission risk given the behaviors of a building's occupants. Our methodology enables building managers to simulate alternative building usage scenarios and estimate their relative infection transmission risk. We argue that such risk estimate comparisons can be useful in making decision about alternative building usage options. © 2022 Association for Computing Machinery.

Heimtextil 2023: trends, developments and innovations in home textiles

The 2023 edition of Heimtextil—the world's largest international trade fair for home and contract textiles—was held at the Messe Frankfurt Exhibition Center in Frankfurt, Germany, during January 10-13, 2023. There was a noticeable buzz at the fair, even though economic and political uncertainties continued to affect the textile industry. In particular, businesses were faced with ongoing challenges as a result of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and the war in Ukraine. A key attraction for visitors attending the fair was the Trend Space—an immersive exhibition area which was dedicated to the presentation of design trends in architecture, art, fashion, furniture, interior design and textiles. The overall design theme for the Trend Space was Textiles Matter, which was chosen to encourage visitors to focus on the full life cycle of textiles, starting from the cultivation or manufacture of fibres and continuing through to a product's afterlife. The theme is based on the Ellen MacArthur Foundation's principles of a circular economy which outlines two significant material cycles involved in circularity. One of the two cycles is the biological cycle, whereby organic materials are kept in a continuous loop—ie returned to earth—using processes such as composting and biodegradation. The other cycle is the technical cycle, whereby inorganic materials are kept in a continuous loop using processes such as reuse, repair, remanufacture and recycling. The theme was presented as a collection of four trends. Two of the trends were inspired by the biological cycle and were named From Earth and Nature Engineered. The other two trends were inspired by the technical cycle and were named Make and Remake, and Continuous. © Textiles Intelligence Limited 2023.

An Introductory BIM Course for Engineering Students

Building Information Modelling is being adopted worldwide and universities are thus expected to provide the market with new professionals with BIM knowledge and skills. However, introduction of this theme into the curriculum can be challenging to teaching staff. Having successful implementation examples can help carrying on this task. This paper presents the structure, syllabus, adopted tools and activities of an introductory BIM course offered to first-year engineering students. Implemented with only 2 credits, it covers BIM fundamental concepts and develops collaboration skills and abilities with BIM software tools. It was effectively deployed on big classes and successfully offered both in face-to-face and remote modes, adopting a practice focus. An innovative organization for student group projects was adopted, enabling student participation on several projects, performing a different role in each one. Perceived benefits to students' development are reported. The covid-19 pandemics impact is discussed. Future improvements in the course are suggested. Overall results achieved were considered very good. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.

The Teaching of Technology-Mediated Architectural Design

This work presents the strategies used in the development of the teaching of the subject of Architecture Project III of the School of Architecture and Urbanism of the Federal Fluminense University from the return to classes during the period of the Covid-19 Coronavirus pandemic which started in 2020. The course was carried out in the online teaching system mediated by technology. Considering the complexity that the teaching of architecture design requires in the fourth semester of the course, and given the conditions imposed by the pandemic, the development of technology-mediated design teaching was a challenge faced by the teachers of the subject. The teaching project theme is complex and extensive and considers a mixed-use high-rise building, with residential and commercial units in a consolidated urban environment, oriented towards the design and development of open and closed spaces, as well as public, collective and private spaces. This article covers the experiences, the strategies adopted, the difficulties and the results obtained in the teaching of architectural design from September 2020 until February 10, 2022. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.

A SIMULATION-BASED APPROACH TO MITIGATE DISEASE TRANSMISSION RISK FROM AEROSOL PARTICLES IN BUILDINGS

Understanding the role of architectural design in identifying the risk of disease transmission is essential for creating resilience in buildings. Here we used a Grasshopper simulation workflow to execute aerosol disease transmission risk estimation coupled with EnergyPlus simulation inputs to assess the impact of architectural factors on the risk of COVID-19 transmission. We simulated the risk for a simple geometry with different window configurations and geographic locations. We observed that increasing the fractional opening of a single window as well as cross ventilation design can increase the outdoor air exchange, which corresponds to substantially reduced risk of disease transmission. Furthermore, indoor relative humidity in cold climates can be significantly lower in winter due to the impacts of increased mechanical heating which translates to an increased risk of infection. We demonstrate that early architectural design decisions implicate the resultant risk of disease transmission indoors that should be prioritized in the future. © 2022 Society for Modeling & Simulation International (SCS)

Emergency Remote Teaching of Technical Drawing During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Hybrid teaching, which combines face-to-face and online teaching, was widely adopted in higher education during the Covid-19 pandemic, especially in courses where implementation, experimentation, and practice are core activities. This paper presents observations of teaching effectiveness of a hybrid teaching framework designed within emergency remote teaching (ERT) in a technical drawing course during the pandemic. The objectives of the study are to analyse the teaching effectiveness of the designed framework and to understand its benefits and challenges for improvement of ERT of practice-based courses. Teaching effectiveness is analysed based on students' feedback, students' participation, analysis of students' grades, and instructors' observations. The findings revealed that students' adaption and participation was high and there was a positive correlation between in-class practice and individual learning processes. Most students stated that some of the online teaching activities (e.g. feedback, class notes, answer keys) can be integrated in face-to-face teaching in the future.

DAYLIGHT, HUMAN HEALTH, AND DESIGN FOR SUSTAINABLE GREEN BUILDINGS: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW

As the importance of building indoor environments has increased recently due to the COVID-19 pandemic, so has the research on the interrelationship among daylight, human health, and building design. More researchers are studying how daylight affects human health and whether currently known daylighting metrics target human health in addition to building environmental performance. This article provides an updated review of the current review of the literature in the field of daylighting design and human health, particularly as it relates to the impact of daylighting on circadian rhythm, sleep quality and performance. The main objective for this study is to analyze the interrelationships between daylight, health, and design. The review of these articles reveals eight different factors relevant to daylight, in terms of the way daylight impacts people's health, namely light spectrum, light levels, timing and duration of exposure to light. In terms of health impact, these articles outline direct and indirect health outcomes. In addition, our review of the existing literature indicates that there is a lack of proper daylighting metrics as far as design applications. © 2022, College Publishing. All rights reserved.

Assembly process based on supply chain management of prefabricated houses using building information modeling

The paper analyzes the assembly process by the example of assembly-modular containers using building information modeling technologies. This paper simulates a 3D model of the Huoshenshan Hospital with a description of the assembly mechanism process based on information modeling of prefabricated buildings. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the sources on prefabricated houses and explore the concept of creating a digital prototype of a building based on Huoshenshan Hospital, using the Autodesk Revit software. The article describes the methodology of installing modular containers and assembly structures using building information modeling technologies to improve rapid construction technology. The study results showed that building object implementation directly depends on a proper model with a step-by-step mechanism for installation, which can reduce the initial project cost due to the supply of prefabricated structures on the construction site, as well as reduce the project time. The prefabricated house technology demonstrated the high efficiency of using information technology in the assembly of the Huoshenshan Hospital, with which the simulated facility was implemented in 10 days. The need for information modeling data exchange with modern gadgets and systems is investigated, which allows one to get acquainted with the object at the construction site before installation work start. © 2022 ICE Publishing: All rights reserved.

Architectural design research in small practices

PurposeThere has been a recently growing interest by architects in practice-based research and the impact of research. At the same time, several post-graduate architecture programmes with practice-led research agendas were founded. This shift towards architectural design research is analysed using the notions of "process-driven research", "output-driven research" and "impact". The study aims to investigate and unveil the link between graduate programmes and graduates with a research interest and to test the tripartite model of "process-driven research", "output-driven research" and "impact" in the context of small architectural practices.Design/methodology/approachThe study uses a qualitative and exploratory research approach that includes 11 in-depth interviews conducted in 2020, during the first nationwide COVID-19 lockdown in the United Kingdom (UK) selected interviews were architects representing (1) members or alumni of practice-related graduate architecture programmes in London and (2) founders of London-based small architectural practices within the last decade.FindingsWhile focussing on the London context, the paper offers transferable insights for the key potentials of practice-led design research in small architectural practices and the actions that might improve research practice.Originality/valueThis paper addresses a lack of studies on how design research differs between diverse types and sizes of architectural firms, why emerging small architectural practices increasingly engage with research and how this shapes their practice. This knowledge is important to fully understanding architectural design research and its strengths or weaknesses.

Architectural design research in small practices

Purpose: There has been a recently growing interest by architects in practice-based research and the impact of research. At the same time, several post-graduate architecture programmes with practice-led research agendas were founded. This shift towards architectural design research is analysed using the notions of "process-driven research”, "output-driven research” and "impact”. The study aims to investigate and unveil the link between graduate programmes and graduates with a research interest and to test the tripartite model of "process-driven research”, "output-driven research” and "impact” in the context of small architectural practices. Design/methodology/approach: The study uses a qualitative and exploratory research approach that includes 11 in-depth interviews conducted in 2020, during the first nationwide COVID-19 lockdown in the United Kingdom (UK) selected interviews were architects representing (1) members or alumni of practice-related graduate architecture programmes in London and (2) founders of London-based small architectural practices within the last decade. Findings: While focussing on the London context, the paper offers transferable insights for the key potentials of practice-led design research in small architectural practices and the actions that might improve research practice. Originality/value: This paper addresses a lack of studies on how design research differs between diverse types and sizes of architectural firms, why emerging small architectural practices increasingly engage with research and how this shapes their practice. This knowledge is important to fully understanding architectural design research and its strengths or weaknesses. © 2022, Emerald Publishing Limited.

-Embracing Diversity and Connectivity for Entrepreneurship Education Innovation: An Observation Study of Co-Creation Pedagogy for Design Thinking Capacity Building Program of Higher Education

With the growing popularity of design thinking capacity building initiatives for entrepreneurship education, educators are striving to explore technology-supported learning environments and pedagogy to achieve the inter-disciplinary, easily accessible, and student-oriented entrepreneurship education innovation. The lingering effects of unfinished learning amid the COVID-19 and mixed-mode learning have become part of a new normal, we designed and implemented a novel learning framework to put co-design pedagogical structures in place that allow educators, students, and stakeholders to form new learning experiences and create innovation together. Through the case study we designed and implemented in three universities across different regions, we propose and investigate an approach that enables micro-level analysis of knowledge creation model for student's design thinking capacity building as well as macro-level understanding of learning dynamics for entrepreneurship education. This study presents a pedagogy-based template, and the findings have implications for the design of technology-empowered educational interventions and pedagogical innovation. © ISLS.

Guidelines for Home Design in the New Normal Era in Thailand

This research aims to study home design guidelines in this new era in Thailand. The data were collected by conducting a semi-structured interview with three groups of key informants, including five participants – academics and real estate experts, five participants – residential project developers listed on the Stock Exchange of Thailand (SET), and home builders, the members of the Association of Home Builders of Thailand, and five participants – architects of a design company using design thinking, which is a creative human-centered problem-solving approach to better meet the needs of residents. Moreover, they are housing designers and developers in Thailand. The data were analyzed using content analysis. The research results revealed that the home design principle consistent with Thai residents' new normal era behavior is a house with feel-good qualities, including flexibility, good hygiene, security, privacy, environmental friendliness, and convenience. In the new-normal era, homes should have private spaces to work or study from home, multi-purpose areas, an enlarged kitchen and increased functionality, a designated parcel receiving area, and/or a storage area. The building assembly system installation that enhances good health and comfort in living is also recommended. These valuable, novelty results might also lead to Thailand's real estate business development trends. Not only for housing residential designers and developers but also for other related business suppliers associated with new product development for home innovative inventions and technologies in the future. © 2022 Hunan University. All rights reserved.